Ezra's Bookshelf

Persuasive Games

by Ian Bogost

Ian Bogost, a game designer and scholar at Washington University in St. Louis, develops the concept of 'procedural rhetoric' to explain how video games make arguments about the world. Unlike verbal or visual rhetoric, procedural rhetoric operates through the rules and processes that govern how a game works. Bogost examines games ranging from America's Army, the US military's recruiting game, to commercial titles like The Sims and Grand Theft Auto, to activist games designed to promote political causes. He shows how games can model systems in ways that other media cannot, allowing players to experience the logic of processes from airport security to consumer capitalism. The book argues that this capacity makes games a uniquely powerful medium for persuasion, one that has been undertheorized by both game scholars and rhetoricians. Bogost addresses criticisms of serious games and educational games, arguing that most fail because they treat games as sugar-coating for messages rather than as a distinct expressive form. He calls for games that use their procedural nature to make arguments rather than merely delivering content through game-like packaging. Readers interested in games, media, rhetoric, or persuasion will find here a systematic framework for understanding how an increasingly important medium shapes understanding and belief.