Americans hold persistent myths about poverty, believing that it affects only a small minority, that hard work reliably leads to success, and that the poor are fundamentally different from everyone else. Sociologist Mark Rank and his colleagues systematically debunk these assumptions using longitudinal data that tracks Americans across their lifetimes. Their findings are startling: a majority of Americans will experience poverty at some point between ages twenty and seventy-five. Rank, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis, has spent decades researching poverty and inequality. This book, coauthored with Lawrence Eppard and Heather Bullock, organizes its argument around common misconceptions. One chapter addresses the belief that poverty is rare; the data show it is pervasive. Another tackles the work ethic myth; the authors demonstrate that most poor adults are working but earn too little to escape poverty. Others examine beliefs about welfare dependency, pathological culture, and the role of individual choice, finding each inadequate to explain patterns that are better understood through structural factors. The book is written for general readers, avoiding jargon while engaging seriously with research. It aims to shift how Americans think about poverty, from individual failing to systemic feature. Readers who want to understand why poverty persists in a wealthy nation will find this evidence-based analysis challenging and necessary.