Ezra's Bookshelf

The Fourth Branch

by Daniel Squadron · 185 pages · ~3.5 hrs

An argument that the most consequential and most ignored arena in American politics is the state legislature. Daniel Squadron spent eight years in the New York State Senate and afterward co-founded an organization devoted to state-level races, and the book draws on both experiences. His premise is that Americans alarmed by dysfunction in Washington are watching the symptom rather than the cause. State legislatures determine abortion access, voting rules, congressional maps, school curricula, labor law, and the pipeline from which most federal officeholders eventually emerge, and they do it with a fraction of the scrutiny, often in chambers where a seat can be won with a few thousand votes and where one party has held uncontested power for decades. Squadron traces how the right understood this asymmetry first and invested accordingly, building durable majorities through redistricting and sustained down-ballot spending while national attention stayed fixed on the presidency. Part history, part memoir of his own legislative service, part handbook, the book is at its most useful when concrete, explaining how these bodies actually function, why so many races go uncontested, and where small amounts of money and attention have disproportionate effect. Written after the 2024 election for readers who felt the futility of national politics, it makes a specific case: that the closest available lever is also the one most within reach.

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