Lucy Sante descends into nineteenth-century New York's most disreputable precincts, recovering a city largely erased from memory. While other histories chronicle the mansions of Fifth Avenue and the titans of industry, Sante explores the Five Points slum, the Bowery's dive bars, the opium dens of Chinatown, and the street corners where gangs battled for territory. She examines how immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Italy, and China created distinct neighborhoods while also mixing in ways that produced new cultural forms—from slang to popular entertainment. The book catalogs an astonishing variety of criminal enterprises: pickpockets, confidence men, panel thieves who robbed customers of prostitutes, and elaborate fencing operations. But Sante is equally interested in how ordinary people survived—the lodging houses charging five cents a night, the street trades that allowed a marginal existence, the mutual aid societies that immigrants created. Her research draws on newspaper accounts, court records, reform literature, and contemporary observers like Jacob Riis. The writing combines scholarly precision with evident affection for her subjects. Readers encounter a New York utterly different from today's gentrified metropolis yet recognizable as an ancestor of the city that followed.